Author
M.
David Merrill (Utah State University)
[back
to top]
Goals & Preconditions
- ITT is intended
to foster almost any kind of learning in the cognitive domain, This
section focuses on just a few kinds of learning transactions (upwards
of 20 have been developed). No preconditions are identified by the
author.
[back
to top]
Values
- Efficient learning
process (via carefully defined learning strategies)
- Efficient instructional
design process thmugh automation
- Efficient simulation
design through automation
- Combining simulations
with tutorial instruction
- The power of
exploration with guidance.
- Adapting instruction
to individual students in real time as their needs change during learning.
[back
to top]
Methods
Present the goal
of the instruction.
- Provide an open-ended
learning environment
- Simulation
- Diagram
- Learner can perform any action possible in the real-world environment
- Learner can reverse any action
"Identify"
transaction: for learning the name, location, and function of parts
of a device:
- Presentation
- Explore the names, Explore the functions,
- Tell me about the parts (name, location, function)
- Practice
- Let me locate the parts, Let me name the parts,
- Let me identify the functions of the parts
- Immediate feedback
- Score
- Sampling with
replacement
"Execute"
transaction: for learning to perform a procedure:
- Hands-off demonstration
(action - consequence)
- Practice
- Simon says (direction - consequence), Do the next step (consequence),
- You do it (consequence)
- Feedback
- Guidance
- Progression of practice from highly guided to unguided
- Provide explanations (what happened, why)
"Interpret"
transaction: for learning to explain, predict, trouble-shoot:
- Presentation
- Exploration: explain (what happened, why it happened)
- Practice
- Predict (what happens next, why), Trouble-shoot (fault, what happened,
why)
- Control panel
(set conditions to attain a consequence)
- Guidance
- Explanation
(what caused the consequence)
Adapt the instruction
to the learner and allow learner choices during instruction.
[back
to top]
Major Contributions
- ITT greatly
reduces the time it takes to design and develop instruction. Is based
on proven principles of instruction. ITT deals with many kinds of
learning transactions of which only 3 are presented here
Additional Resources
|